In classical field theory there is an analogous equation to calculate the dynamics of a field.
It has the advantage that it takes the same form in any system of generalized coordinates, and it is better suited to generalizations. This is particularly useful when analyzing systems whose force vectors are particularly complicated. In classical mechanics, it is equivalent to Newton's laws of motion indeed, the Euler-Lagrange equations will produce the same equations as Newton's Laws. In this context Euler equations are usually called Lagrange equations. In Lagrangian mechanics, according to Hamilton's principle of stationary action, the evolution of a physical system is described by the solutions to the Euler equation for the action of the system. This is analogous to Fermat's theorem in calculus, stating that at any point where a differentiable function attains a local extremum its derivative is zero. The equations were discovered in the 1750s by Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler and Italian mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange.īecause a differentiable functional is stationary at its local extrema, the Euler–Lagrange equation is useful for solving optimization problems in which, given some functional, one seeks the function minimizing or maximizing it. In the calculus of variations and classical mechanics, the Euler–Lagrange equations are a system of second-order ordinary differential equations whose solutions are stationary points of the given action functional. Second-order partial differential equation describing motion of mechanical system
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